This room hosts a part of the large fresco complex of the Santa Maria di Mezzaratta church, one of the most important text of the Bolognese painting history, detached since the early 50's and then recomponed here following the original architectural structure.

This cycle, described carefully even by Vasari, was begun by Vitale da Bologna who panted the entering wall of the church with his Announciation, the Nativity and the Virgin's Dream at the beginning of the 1340's.

The fresco decoration continue along the lateral walls, with a traditional iconography: on one side the Old Testament stories (Joseph, Moses, and other now lost scenes) and on the other side the Christ stories, all made by Vitale's pupils like Simone, the "first Jacobus", the Master of the Pit and the Master of the Adulteress, and then the interventions of Jacopo Avanzi and Jacopo di Paolo, of the second generation of arrtists inspired by Vitale. The historical sources talk about a third section, the lowest (of which only few fragments remain on the original site) with Stories of Christ' Passion attributed to the XVth century ferrarese artist Galasso.